![]() ![]() 47 BCE when Herod was about either 25 or 28 years old ( Greek original: "15 years of age"), and where he faithfully farmed the taxes of that region for the Roman Senate, and where he met with success in ridding that region of bandits. Herod, Antipater's son, was appointed provincial governor of Galilee in ca. Herod's rise to power is largely due to his father's good relations with Julius Caesar, who entrusted Antipater with the public affairs of Judea. Thus Herod was ethnically an Arab from both sides. This is a view shared also by some modern scholarly works which consider Idumaeans as of Arab or Nabataean origins. ![]() Strabo, a contemporary, held that the Idumaeans, whom he identified as of Nabataean origin, constituted the majority of the population of Western Judea, where they commingled with the Judaeans and adopted their customs. ![]() Herod's father was by descent an Edomite, whose ancestors had converted to Judaism. He was the second son of Antipater the Idumaean, a high-ranking official under ethnarch Hyrcanus II, and Cypros, a Nabatean Arab princess from the city of Petra in what is now Jordan. Herod was born in (or around) 72 BCE in Idumea, south of Judea. 6.1 Year of death: either 4 BCE, or 5 BCE, 1 BCE, 1 CE.Upon Herod's death, the Romans divided his kingdom among three of his sons and his sister: Archelaus became ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea Herod Antipas became tetrarch of Galilee and Peraea Philip became tetrarch of territories north and east of the Jordan and Salome I was given a toparchy including the cities of Jabneh, Ashdod, and Phasaelis. His reign polarizes opinion among historians, some viewing his legacy as evidence of success, and some viewing it as a reminder of his tyrannical rule. Despite his successes, including singlehandedly forging a new aristocracy from practically nothing, he has still been criticised by various historians. Herod also appears in the Christian Gospel of Matthew as the ruler of Judea who orders the Massacre of the Innocents at the time of the birth of Jesus, although most Herod biographers do not believe that this event occurred. Vital details of his life are recorded in the works of the 1st century CE Roman–Jewish historian Josephus. He is known for his colossal building projects throughout Judea, including his renovation of the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the expansion of the Temple Mount towards its north, the enclosure around the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron, the construction of the port at Caesarea Maritima, the fortress at Masada, and Herodium. ![]() 72 – 4 or 1 BCE), also known as Herod the Great, was a Roman client king of Judea, referred to as the Herodian kingdom. ![]()
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